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La antología "Un acercamiento a las artes plásticas en el marco de los centenarios de la independencia (1910-1921)" nace del doble propósito de apoyar las investigaciones en proceso y dotar al lector de fuentes primarias de consulta. Sin ser exhaustiva y limitándose a la ciudad de México, es una compilación de material útil para entender las características, los cambios, las constantes y los derroteros que siguieron la apreciación y creación artística plástica a partir de ambos festejos.

Las conmemoraciones de 1910 y 1921 se eligieron como núcleo interpretativo debido a que, de acuerdo con Bronislaw Bazcko, en el calendario cívico de los estados nacionales modernos, las celebraciones de la independencia y la revolución son acontecimientos paradigmáticos en los que se recurre al dispositivo simbólico como en ningún otro caso. Por ello, también son determinantes y representativos de la relación e interacción entre el campo político y…

Al igual que su contemporáneo, el pintor español Juan de Valdés Leal –autor de los terribles Jeroglíficos de las postrimerías que están en el Hospital de la Caridad de Sevilla–, el poeta novohispano Luis de Sandoval Zapata (San Luis de la Paz, 1618 o 1620-México, 1671) también ha tenido que cargar injustamente con una fama póstuma de artista lúgubre, sombrío, mortuorio, escatológico, neoestoico, postridentino, barroco. Hay, sin embargo, numerosas evidencias en las "cenizas" de sus obras literarias que nos obligan a pensar en él con mayor precisión. Tenemos las vánitas poéticas que están en el llamado "manuscrito jesuita de los veintinueve sonetos" (descubierto por Alfonso Méndez Plancarte en 1937). En ellas, Sandoval se expresa con los tópicos más corrientes del repertorio retórico del segundo Siglo de Oro de la literatura hispánica: los relojes en forma de velones que se consumen mientras marcan el tiempo., los pajarillos que apresuran…

From the nineteenth century onward a considerable number of hostile actions against the portraits of royalty and religious art have been recorded. This iconoclasm which, before the nineteenth century, was blamed on foreigners, began to become more common among Spaniards early in the century, increasing with the Carlist wars. Due to their increased frequency, such violent actions against these types of representation, both monarchical and religious, came to acquire a very characteristic social function, becoming rites dramatizing popular support for progress. The moments of greatest violence against these works took place during the Spanish civil war, including burning and sacking of churches and even murders of priests. With the rise of Francoism, the dictator cast the blame on foreign governments, which seems to suggest a generalized tendency by the Spanish authorities to attribute such acts alien forces.

With the avant-gardes the idea of the monument acquires a new meaning. Until the twentieth century, monuments were related to memory, alluding in some way to the sacredness of the represented past and associated with funerary architecture; from the appearance of the first avant-gardes, however, their function ceased to so clear, becoming lost in a world of mechanical images. The De Chirico brothers—Giorgio and Alberto Savinio—represent a contrary vision of the monument. In the case of the former, the apogee of monuments had led to their de-signification. In Savinio, on the other hand—against the non-historical exteriority that monuments represented for his brother—they present an interiority from which a deep significance emanated; as if their presence had been reduced to the imagination. The work of these two Italians is a reflection on the abstraction of the instant, dramatized by the monument and its figuration.

The works in which Armando Morales, Gioconda Belli and Omar Cabezas presented the guerrilla movement of the Nicaraguan revolution in 1979 reflect a common utopia: the "new pantheism": the individual only matters as part of a whole: struggle only makes sense if it is for a collective; woman is portrayed as mother earth... The Nicaraguan landscape provided the bases for the ideology of the revolution, presenting a confrontation taken up by the work of the three authors: simultaneously a protecting divinity and a brutal danger that obliged the combatants to reconsider their values, not from a theoretical viewpoint but from that of survival. The local landscape gave form to history, culture, and to the new and present-day Nicaraguan society.